Stomach & Digestion

Acid Reflux / GERD

Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and irritation. When this happens frequently (twice a week or more), it is called GERD. Chronic acid reflux can damage the esophageal lining and increase the risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer if left untreated.

Constipation

Constipation is a common digestive condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements (fewer than 3 per week), hard or dry stools, and difficulty passing stool. It can be caused by low fiber diet, dehydration, lack of exercise, medications, or underlying conditions. While usually not serious, chronic constipation can significantly impact quality of life.

Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease occurs when excess fat builds up in the liver without significant alcohol consumption. It ranges from simple steatosis (fat accumulation) to NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) which involves inflammation and can progress to cirrhosis. It is closely linked to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

Food Poisoning

Food poisoning is illness caused by eating contaminated food containing infectious bacteria, viruses, parasites, or their toxins. Symptoms typically develop within hours to days after eating contaminated food and usually resolve on their own. Common culprits include Salmonella, E. coli, Norovirus, and Listeria. While usually mild, food poisoning can be life-threatening for vulnerable populations.

Gastritis

Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining, which can occur suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic). Common causes include H. pylori bacterial infection, excessive use of NSAIDs like ibuprofen, and excessive alcohol consumption. If untreated, chronic gastritis can lead to stomach ulcers and increase the risk of stomach cancer.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurring abdominal pain associated with changes in bowel habits. Unlike inflammatory bowel disease, IBS does not cause visible damage to the digestive tract. It is classified as IBS-D (diarrhea), IBS-C (constipation), or IBS-M (mixed), and is strongly influenced by the gut-brain connection.