Bones & Muscles

Back Pain

Back pain is one of the most common medical problems, affecting 80% of people at some point in their lives. It can range from a dull constant ache to a sudden sharp pain. Most back pain is mechanical in nature, caused by muscle strains, poor posture, disc problems, or degenerative changes. While usually not serious, chronic back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide.

Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory, and mood issues. It amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way the brain and spinal cord process pain signals. While not fully understood, it often develops after physical trauma, surgery, infection, or significant psychological stress.

Gout

Gout is an inflammatory form of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the blood crystallizing in joints, most commonly the big toe. Attacks come on suddenly, often at night, causing intense pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness. It is one of the most painful forms of arthritis but is highly treatable with medication and dietary changes.

Knee Pain

Knee pain is an extremely common complaint that can result from injury, arthritis, mechanical problems, or overuse. The knee is the largest and most complex joint in the body, making it vulnerable to various conditions. Treatment varies widely depending on the cause, from rest and physical therapy to surgery for severe cases.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, occurring when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time. It most commonly affects joints in the hands, knees, hips, and spine. While damage to joints can't be reversed, symptoms can be managed through exercise, weight management, and medication.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, so fragile that even mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. It occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the loss of old bone. Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, wrist, or spine and can be life-threatening in older adults.