Kidneys & Urinary

Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive loss of kidney function over months or years. The kidneys filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, and when they fail, dangerous levels of fluid and waste build up in the body. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the leading causes. CKD often has no symptoms until advanced stages and can eventually require dialysis or transplant.

Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can cause excruciating pain when passing through the urinary tract. Most small stones pass on their own with fluids and pain management, while larger stones may require medical procedures like lithotripsy or surgery. Recurrence is common without preventive measures.

Urinary Tract Infection

A urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, or urethra. Most UTIs involve the lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra). Women are at significantly greater risk due to shorter urethras. While most UTIs are easily treated with antibiotics, untreated infections can spread to the kidneys and become serious.