Lungs & Breathing

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition where airways become inflamed, narrow, and produce excess mucus, making breathing difficult. Triggers include allergens, exercise, cold air, and respiratory infections. While there is no cure, asthma can be well-controlled with proper medication and trigger avoidance, allowing most patients to live normal, active lives.

Bronchitis

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes that carry air to and from the lungs. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viral infections and resolves within 1-3 weeks. Chronic bronchitis, a form of COPD, involves a persistent cough with mucus lasting at least 3 months for 2 consecutive years, usually caused by smoking.

COPD

COPD is a group of progressive lung diseases, primarily emphysema and chronic bronchitis, that block airflow and make breathing increasingly difficult. Smoking is the leading cause, responsible for up to 90% of cases. COPD is not reversible, but treatment can slow progression and improve quality of life.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pneumonia ranges from mild to life-threatening and is most serious for infants, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems or chronic health conditions.

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the most common form, occurs when throat muscles relax and block the airway. Untreated sleep apnea increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and daytime accidents due to excessive sleepiness.